a formal written statement of relinquishment

an exemption granted after influence (e.g., money) is brought to bear

personal immunity accorded to a public official from liability to anyone injured by actions that are the consequence of exerting official authority

an exemption that precludes bringing a suit against the sovereign government without the government's consent

an exemption that displaces the privilege against self-incrimination; neither compelled testimony or any fruits of it can be used against the witness who therefore can no longer fear self-incrimination