abnormal development (of organs or cells) or an abnormal structure resulting from such growth

undergo hypertrophy

gland enlargement

enlargement of the right ventricle of the heart due to disease of the lungs or of the pulmonary blood vessels

abnormally large fingers or toes

hypertrophy of certain body parts (usually legs and scrotum); the end state of the disease filariasis

an abnormal enlargement of the spleen