a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school

a deliberately invalid argument displaying ingenuity in reasoning in the hope of deceiving someone

(philosophy) a philosophical theory as to what is beautiful

(philosophy) the philosophy of Aristotle that deals with logic and metaphysics and ethics and poetics and politics and natural science

the doctrine that the application of a general term to various objects indicates the existence of a mental entity that mediates the application

the teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity; high value given to learning and to devotion to family (including ancestors); peace; justice; influenced the traditional culture of China